It occurs because of man-made activities and climate change. The document further goes on examining the serious and complex web of problems that have arisen from worsening land degradation of the earth’s drylands, which are home to 2,000 million people, comprise of 44 percent of all the world’s cultivated land and should sustain 50 percent of the world’s livestock [13]. For example, the destruction of the native tropical forest in the Indus Valley opened up a pathway for the desert to claim more and more land, leading to the doom of the Harrapan Civilization. The acts of compaction and erosion as a result of overgrazing can cause tremendous land degradation. As you may have noticed, desertification problems are often related and lead to one another. Founded Conserve Energy Future with the sole motto of providing helpful information related to our rapidly depleting environment. Sometimes the two can combine and natural processes of desertification that are already underway can be accelerated and made worse by humans. In the introduction of a document called ‘Desertification: The invisible frontline’ from UNCCD is stated: “Desertification is a silent, invisible crisis that is destabilizing communities on a global scale.”. For example, up to 50 percent of the Canadian Prairies spreading over Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba are likely to battle with some of the negative effects of desertification in the upcoming years. Humans degrade soils when they compact it, erode it, disrupt its organic and inorganic structure, raise its salinity, and cause desertification. What is the key to their success?https://t.co/179Z5AnYTw pic.twitter.com/Qw7hXuBBQK. In recent years, the desert has advanced southward to lake Chad, which used to be an important source of water and livelihood for 30 million people from eight African countries, but dramatic declines in water level due to droughts and loss of land to desertification have brought only insecurity and suffering upon these communities [16]. If people are using land to get natural resources or they are developing it for people to live on, then the policies that govern them should be ones that will help the land to thrive instead of allowing them to harm the land further. The Aral Sea used to be the world’s fourth largest saline lake until 1960s, when the Soviet government diverted the Amu Darya and Syr Darya rivers, which have been feeding the lake with fresh water. Therefore it should be regulated by governments to keep the nature reserves intact and protect the natural habitats of many animals and plants. Due to unrestricted grazing of the steppe by livestock combined with the influence of climate change, Syrian land has become so damaged that it has turn into lifeless dust. Local communities that used to live by the lake rich with fish and biodiversity, live now only amidst dust, pesticide pollution and scorching heat. While farmers despair about their inability to cultivate rice fields, local agronomists confirm that it was the water overextraction to create rice paddies that has significantly contributed to the current desert expansion [10]. Climate change, bad management of scarce resources, weak political structure only lead to hunger, which in turn gives rise to conflicts. Desertification is another major environmental concern and a significant barrier to meeting basic human needs in drylands and is being constantly threatened by increases in human pressures and climatic variability. Most of the agricultural land in the country has increased salinity due to large-scale irrigation plans and progressively drier climate. If their land becomes arid, they may no longer be able to provide sufficient crop yields to make a living out of it. Because of ambitious cotton farming projects in the dry Aral Sea basin that needed irrigation. Lands turn to desert due to a number of reasons, but much of the desertification that is occurring around the world today is caused by human activity on lands that are extremely vulnerable to overexploitation and improper agricultural methods. A rapid increase in human population, especially in vulnerable areas of Africa and Asia, has exceeded the recovery capacity of dryland ecosystems. And try to do everything in our power to help protect natural resources we have. Greentumble is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon.com. Not only that up to 6 million people suffer of hunger in the Chad Basin recently, they are also terrorized by Boko Haram, one of the most dangerous terrorist groups in the world. The most immediate cause of human-caused desertification is the destruction and/or removal of the land’s stabilizing vegetation — a process known as deflation. (And 7 Ways to Reuse), Are Egg Shells Recyclable? If there are too many animals that are overgrazing in certain spots, it makes it difficult for the plants to grow back, which hurts the biome and makes it lose its former green glory. This problem is especially severe for species that are already endangered as the small number of animals or plants that remains may also die off over time, which may even lead to the extinction of species. There is probably no need to explain how crucial these services are for our wellbeing. Causes of Desertification. Other causes can be as simple … Causes and effects of drought: During dry and hot weather periods, ... desertification sets in. These irrigation methods often lead to a buildup of salt in soils. Urbanization and Other Types of Land Development, 11. Some causes of desertification are natural, whilst others are human derived. Once the soil is degraded and the precious nutrients are lost, only infertile and lifeless swaths of land are left behind. Be it true or not, unfavorable conditions still forced early people to leave their homes and everything they were familiar with. Causes of Desertification: 1. It is no wonder, that throughout history, desertification events have been a major driver behind migrations of large human populations. What remains left is only a lifeless pile of dust instead of a life-giving medium. This means that affected areas and even adjacent areas have compromised capacity of withstanding extreme weather events. If they fail to do so, they will become extinct for their inability to cope with a sudden change of their environment. The future is already in place. Causes and effects of environmental degradation in Bangladesh. Desertification comes about by a complex interaction between the natural environment and human activities. According to UNESCO, one-third of world’s land surface is threatened by desertification, and across the world, it affects the livelihood of millions of people who depend on the benefits of ecosystems that drylands provide. In fact, in some areas overgrazing has led to complete desertification. By the time most of the natural resources have been extracted, and mining practices are no more profitable, the soil gets damaged significantly, and the land becomes arid, which may not be recoverable, and desertification occurs. Also Know, what impact does desertification have on humans? (And 10 Ways to Reuse Egg Shells), Pentagon Report Reveals US Military Bases To Also Come Under The Purview Of Climate Change Catastrophe, Savanna Biome: Location, Climate, Temperature, Soil, Plants and Animals, Various Human Activities That Affect an Ecosystem, Why are Forests Important and 20+ Unbelievable Reasons For Loss of Forests, Can You Recycle Propane Tanks? One third of the land surface on Earth has fallen victim to desertification and according to the estimates, another 12 million hectares (approx. If an area becomes a desert, then it’s almost impossible to grow substantial crops there without special technologies. This can cost a lot of money to try and do, so many farmers will have to sell their land and leave the desert areas. (Granger 1990). Without plant life in an area, flooding is a lot more imminent. In many cases, increased water runoff from desertified areas wreaks havoc on neighboring lands, eroding soils, damaging vegetation and making soils extremely vulnerable to encroaching desert. Conflict over land also increases. Our goal is to inspire people to change their attitudes and behaviors toward a more sustainable life. During the rainy season, the vast grass plains turn lush green, providing a rich grazing opportunity to hundreds of thousands of the Africa’s most iconic herbivores, only to fade when the dry season comes. Barren soils lack this green filter, and therefore, many harmful substances enter groundwater reservoirs or easily wash off into lakes and rivers. Plants and trees function like natural water filters, storing pollutants, such as heavy metals, pesticide residues, fertilizers and other, in their own bodies. In drier areas, the experience is even worse as a large percentage of pasture and land cover is destroyed, contributing to the relentless progression of desertification. 10 Facts About Desertification. The direct cause of desertification is poor land use. Increased salinity happens because irrigation water mobilizes naturally occurring salt in these soils. It means that the effects of desertification can be extremely serious and not only for us, but for the balance of the whole planet. All problems related to desertification can eventually be traced back to water related problems. We are a couple of environmentalists who seek inspiration for life in simple values based on our love for nature. Therefore, planting trees in the affected areas not only prevents desertification but also fights against additional environmental issues. Urbanization, logging, mining, overgrazing, alterations in soil moisture, air pollution, fires, chemical pollution, and leaching out of minerals all damage or destroy soils. Due to unfavorable conditions, plants grown on these damaged soils strive and often do not produce sufficient yields. In dry regions, grass and other small vegetation is necessary to keep the soil in place to prevent erosion and further damage to the soil. With plants dying, already scarce rainwater gets washed away instead of being drawn into the soil, which only scales up the problem as remaining plants do not have enough moisture to survive dry spells as they used to. It is in topsoil where large pores and soil aggregates form, allowing for proper water infiltration and aeration. “Desertification is a type of land degradation in which a relatively dry land region becomes increasingly arid, typically losing its bodies of water as well as vegetation and wildlife. Desertification makes natural disasters worse because it reduces natural resilience of ecosystems. But it is important to realize one thing if we want to know how does climate change cause desertification. Overgrazing and desertification have been always closely linked together. The same happens even at this very moment and will be happening in the future. Flooding can also negatively affect the water supply, which we will discuss next. For 50 years, large herds of livestock grazed over the Syrian steppe until the effects couldn’t be overlooked anymore. The following are some of the primary causes of desertification in our world. Desertification propels the loss of biodiversity on a large-scale. The main causes of desertification include: Population growth - the population in some desert areas is increasing. Drylands, the most susceptible areas to desertification, are characterized by a scarcity of water during certain periods of the year. Overgrazing has become a problem that has escalated into an ecological and agricultural collapse in the country. Also, due to desertification, the soil becomes unsuitable for agriculture, and there may be a huge loss of food. Even though this often represents fertile land that would have been suitable for agriculture more. These pollutants then remain deposited in the soil or wash off into rivers, creeks or lakes. There are some cases where the land gets damaged because of natural disasters, including drought. With less permanent vegetation that would help retain moisture in soils and with less moisture evaporating into the air from plants, less clouds form in that particular area. Lack of water to support farming and desert sands encroaching villages are already causing trouble to rice farmers throughout the regions of northern China. The loss of fertile land to desertification has brought an end to many majestic civilizations throughout the human history. In dry regions, grass and other small vegetation is necessary to keep the soil in place to prevent erosion and further damage to the soil. What’s worse is that these effects can be felt even thousands of miles away from where the problem originated. Desertification often causes rural lands to become unable to support the same sized populations that previously lived there. Most plants are quite sensitive to their natural living conditions. By educating them on sustainable practices, more land will be saved from becoming desert. Boko Haram is believed to constitute of young people deprived of livelihood possibilities due to constant disputes over disappearing water among diverse ethnic groups, inhabiting the area [17]. While the main reason for desertification of the Sahara lies in slight changes of the Earth’s orbit, which affected the intensity of the monsoonal rains in the area, early farmers might have been to blame as well. This is what makes the reversal of the process extremely difficult. The Causes of Desertification. And the land of the dry lake basin became a saline desert where nothing grows on its own. They can cope with incremental challenges and adapt, but beyond a certain tipping point they collapse. The region currently faces extensive desertification caused by numerous factors. Not all deserts are dry; those that are wet could experience a lot of flooding because there is nothing to stop the water from gathering and going all over the place. Others include “changes in vegetation cover, surface albedo (reflectivity of the Earth’s surface), and greenhouse gases fluxes”, she adds. According to expert opinions from FAO and UN, this high level of land loss to desertification is what has triggered a civil war in the country. UNCCD Newsletter, no. A major effect of desertification is the decrease in crop yields. All Rights Reserved . The reason is simple, people lost their ability to grow food, water resources became scarce and their animals got weak from not having enough to eat. As mentioned previously, grasses and other perennial plants also prevent water runoff by slowing it down and promoting rainwater infiltration into soils. Soil erosion is often one of the final steps that closes the loop of continual soil deterioration that is difficult to revert. According to a new hypothesis, scientists believe that herds of domestic goats and vegetation burning to cultivate grasslands of the previously green Sahara could have sped up the process of drying up. They are the ones who have seen the ugly face of desertification slowly reaching their doorstep, and they are the ones who are also witnessing how fast sand and dust consume even more land every year. Endangerment and Extinction of Species, 1. As soon as livelihoods are endangered, people turn against each other, which sets in motion series of events that lead to the collapse. The use of excessive amounts of fertilizers and pesticides to maximize their crop yields in the short term often leads to significant damages for the soil. The following are some of the primary causes of desertification in our world. Salt buildup on cultivated lands, then, makes it difficult for crops and other plants to grow, further exacerbating degradation of these lands. Species that once lived in a fertile and productive climate may not survive in a newly desertified region. In those cases, there needs to be research and application of the latest technology that pushes the limits of what we currently know about the drivers of desertification. And it is these fertilizers that are poisoning scarce sources of potable water, as they are flushed with every rain into the river and drinking wells of people [10]. Conserve Energy Future. Therefore, it is important to realize after reading this article how valuable soil conservation is. Except causing damage, flood water also picks up many unwanted pollutants while making its progress through urban areas, landfills, wastelands, or agricultural lands where fertilizers and pesticides were used. As areas become more urbanized, there are fewer places for plants to grow, thus causing desertification. Since small subsistence farmers do not have the means to ward off sand dunes crashing their houses and burying their crops, all they have left is to gather their possessions and leave. Large amounts of resources have to be extracted by industries to meet our demand for material goods. If biodiverse ecosystems disappear, we will be left with pollution, drought, hunger and lack of resources. There are plenty of sustainable practices that can be applied to those acts that may be causing desertification. In this article, we’re going to give you an idea as to what are the causes of desertification, the effects that desertification has, and what we can do in order to deal with the problem at hand. #1 Overgrazing Overgrazing and desertification have been always closely linked together. A major effect of desertification is the decrease in crop yields. As the soil dries out, it hardens, and it becomes difficult for any rainfall that does occur to penetrate below the soil’s surface. As we continue to remove natural vegetation from landscapes, we change radically the water absorption capacity of soils. Iran is a country that has been suffering of this problem. This is driven by a number of factors – alone or in combination – such as overgrazing, deforestation, farming (mal )practices , urbanization, land 'development', climate change, exploitation of land resources, natural disasters and population growth. Causes Of Land Desertification. The environment (the Earth) is the place we call home. In the long run, this may turn from arable into arid land over time, and it will no longer be suitable for farming purposes after a few years of excessive farming since the soil has been damaged too much over time. So much could be written about the effects of climate change on the health of our lands, as climate change can lead to land degradation for many reasons, and it is very often climate change that exacerbates the progress of desertification in increasingly many places. They can also affect the formation and lifetimes of clouds, potentially making rainfall less likelya… Topsoil is crucial for plant growth because it contains most of the organic matter and 50 percent of important nutrients such as phosphorus and potassium. Without farms in these areas, the food that those farms produce will become much scarcer, and the people who live in those local areas will be a lot more likely to try and deal with hunger problems. (And 7 Ways to Reuse Them). After desertification, regions suffer from water shortages due to climate change and animals may suffer and die since water is vital for all life on our planet. In turn, many farmers may lose their livelihood, since they often solely rely on farming as their single source of income. When people gather and keep too many animals in one area, grasses start dying because their roots are often weakened by animals constantly stepping on them and plucking out newly re-growing parts before plants have time to grow resistant enough and to multiply. UNCCD estimates that advancing desertification could displace globally 50 million people in the next 10 years [21]. Planting trees in those areas are quite important since they are natural carbon dioxide storage spaces; they slow down global warming and contribute to maintaining a natural balance. Our entire life support system depends on the well-being of … Let’s have a look where it all started and what are the consequences. So, people move the livestock to another piece of land where the process repeats. Addresses the land issues identified by UNEP regional groups, and highlights the pressures of human demands on the land resource as the cause of land degradation. Duanyang Xu, Xiaogang You, Chunlin Xia, Assessing the spatial-temporal pattern and evolution of areas sensitive to land desertification in North China, Ecological Indicators, 10.1016/j.ecolind.2018.10.005, 97, (150-158), (2019). Climate change plays a huge role in desertification. (And Can You Sell Them? One of the biggest transitions that has forced first farmers in the early Holocene to abandon their lands happened when their previously fertile lands started to turn drier and drier. However, this excessive optimization of farming will hurt the soil and will eventually turn into the desertification of land in the long run. – Gunther Grass. Cotton farming in the desert combined with poorly build irrigation channels, from where lot of water simply evaporated, decreased the size of the Aral Sea by 90 (!) One region of the world that has seen many of these negative effects combined is Sub-Saharan Africa. This is another very alarming aspect of the desertification problem, because we need biodiverse ecosystems to survive. The link between soil erosion and other consequences of desertification only confirms this, as erosion is another negative outcome but also a catalyst of previously mentioned problems. That means also less rain throughout the year. Less food … When it comes to health effects, dusty desert air can cause respiratory diseases. Desertification affects topsoil, groundwater reserves, surface runoff, human, animal, and plant populations. Desertification is a serious form of land degradation that results in the destruction of natural ecosystems and the end of services they provide for us. By taking that critical look at desertification, we have the tools that we need in order to get through the processes effectively. Overgrazing: ADVERTISEMENTS: By pounding the soil with their hooves, livestock compact the substrate, increase the proportion of fine material, and reduce the percolation rate of the soil, thus encouraging erosion by wind and water. And together with ecosystems disappear even natural resources that were once present. These migrations into the cities often cause large numbers of unemployed people, who end up living in slums. The immediate cause of desertification is the loss of most vegetation. What is Renewable Energy and What are Sources of Renewable Energy? Populations move to find land that can provide the food and water they need. Desertification also increases vulnerability of whole regions to the unpredictable effects of climate change. The causes of desertification. Water scarcity in drylands limits the production of wood, crops, forage, and other services that ecosystems provide to our community. This leads to increased sedimentation and eutrophication–both processes disturb aquatic ecosystems and deteriorate water quality. Other factors that cause desertification include urbanization, climate change, overuse of groundwater, deforestation, natural disasters, and tillage practices in agriculture that make soils more vulnerable to wind. Sea region are well-familiar with this problem stripping the soil and will be the degradation of the lake... Desertification they have to be extracted by industries to meet our demand for natural resources we have the for! Worse by humans destroyed even lives of nomadic Bedouins and farmers in Syria combine and processes... And advancing desertification they have to be extracted by industries to meet our demand, we have the for!, large areas of Africa and Asia, has exceeded the recovery of. 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