(From left) Prince Charles, Queen Elizabeth, Princess Margaret, the duke of Edinburgh, King George VI, and Princess Elizabeth. They received 2,500 wedding gifts from around the world. https://www.natgeokids.com/uk/discover/history/monarchy/elizabeth-i-facts Elizabeth's first policy toward Scotland was to oppose the French presence there. She feared that the French planned to invade England and put her Catholic cousin Mary, Queen of Scots, on the throne. The Prince of Wales and The Duchess of Cornwall visit Gloucestershire Royal Hospital's COVID-19 Vaccination Hub. 173–176; Shawcross, p.16, Bousfield and Toffoli, p. 72; Charteris quoted in Pimlott, p. 179 and Shawcross, p. 17, Bradford, p. 80; Brandreth, pp. [88] The Queen again came under criticism for appointing the prime minister on the advice of a small number of ministers or a single minister. She was represented at the summit in Sri Lanka by Prince Charles. Beginning in November 1953 the queen and the duke of Edinburgh made a six-month round-the-world tour of the Commonwealth, which included the first visit to Australia and New Zealand by a reigning British monarch. In his new book, The Last Queen: Elizabeth II’s Seventy Year Battle to Save the House of Windsor, Irving writes how Queen Elizabeth might be the last serving female sovereign in England. [107] The following year brought two blows: one was the unmasking of Anthony Blunt, former Surveyor of the Queen's Pictures, as a communist spy; the other was the assassination of her relative and in-law Lord Mountbatten by the Provisional Irish Republican Army. Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary, born 21 April 1926)[a] is Queen of the United Kingdom and 15 other Commonwealth realms.[b]. Height: 5' The royal family's matriarch got the line started with her petite stature, and … She is the longest-serving female head of state in world history, and the world's oldest living monarch, longest-reigning current monarch, and oldest and longest-serving current head of state. [26] At Windsor, the princesses staged pantomimes at Christmas in aid of the Queen's Wool Fund, which bought yarn to knit into military garments. Find the latest news and updates on Queen Elizabeth, Head of the Commonwealth and Queen of 12 countries. Heath only resigned when discussions on forming a coalition foundered, after which the Queen asked the Leader of the Opposition, Labour's Harold Wilson, to form a government. In 1961 she made the first royal British tour of the Indian subcontinent in 50 years, and she was also the first reigning British monarch to visit South America (in 1968) and the Persian Gulf countries (in 1979). 155–156, Brandreth, pp. However, why was this q [213] Polls in Britain in 2006 and 2007 revealed strong support for Elizabeth,[214] and in 2012, her Diamond Jubilee year, approval ratings hit 90 percent. [17], Elizabeth received private tuition in constitutional history from Henry Marten, Vice-Provost of Eton College,[18] and learned French from a succession of native-speaking governesses. The criticism intensified following Diana’s death in 1997, especially after Elizabeth initially refused to allow the national flag to fly at half-staff over Buckingham Palace. [103], In 1977, Elizabeth marked the Silver Jubilee of her accession. On 6 February 1952, they had just returned to their Kenyan home, Sagana Lodge, after a night spent at Tr… "[35], During the war, plans were drawn up to quell Welsh nationalism by affiliating Elizabeth more closely with Wales. 558–559; Roberts, p. 94; Shawcross, p. 204, Bradford, p. 229; Lacey, pp. She has an air of authority and reflectiveness astonishing in an infant. 160–163; Hardman, pp. 325–326; Pimlott, pp. … In 1971, Jock Colville, her former private secretary and a director of her bank, Coutts, estimated her wealth at £2 million (equivalent to about £28 million in 2019[220]). [167] On 18 December, she became the first British sovereign to attend a peacetime Cabinet meeting since George III in 1781. Elizabeth had survived and was finally Queen of England. The princess’s education was supervised by her mother, who entrusted her daughters to a governess, Marion Crawford; the princess was also grounded in history by C.H.K. [48] Just before the wedding, he was created Duke of Edinburgh and granted the style His Royal Highness. [109] Trudeau's supposed republicanism seemed to be confirmed by his antics, such as sliding down banisters at Buckingham Palace and pirouetting behind the Queen's back in 1977, and the removal of various Canadian royal symbols during his term of office. In his new book, The Last Queen: Elizabeth II’s Seventy Year Battle to Save the House of Windsor, Irving writes how Queen Elizabeth might be the last serving female sovereign in England. [180][181] She later became the longest-reigning current monarch and the longest-serving current head of state following the death of King Bhumibol of Thailand on 13 October 2016,[182][183] and the oldest current head of state on the resignation of Robert Mugabe on 21 November 2017. 24, 69, Brandreth, pp. [112], Months later, in October, the Queen was the subject of another attack while on a visit to Dunedin, New Zealand. [103] As Whitlam had a majority in the House of Representatives, Speaker Gordon Scholes appealed to the Queen to reverse Kerr's decision. [204] After the trauma of the Second World War, it was a time of hope, a period of progress and achievement heralding a "new Elizabethan age". The separation and later divorce (1996) of Charles and the immensely popular Diana further eroded support for the royal family, which was viewed by some as antiquated and unfeeling. Her coronation was held at Westminster Abbey on June 2, 1953. [149], In 2002, Elizabeth marked her Golden Jubilee. [208], At her Silver Jubilee in 1977, the crowds and celebrations were genuinely enthusiastic,[209] but in the 1980s, public criticism of the royal family increased, as the personal and working lives of Elizabeth's children came under media scrutiny. The Duke's uncle, Lord Mountbatten, advocated the name House of Mountbatten. After her return there was an announcement of her betrothal to her distant cousin Lieutenant Philip Mountbatten of the Royal Navy, formerly Prince Philip of Greece and Denmark. [100], In February 1974, the British Prime Minister, Edward Heath, advised the Queen to call a general election in the middle of her tour of the Austronesian Pacific Rim, requiring her to fly back to Britain. Queen Elizabeth, 94, and her 99-year-old husband Prince Philip are in line to get the jab early due to their age. [88] In 1965 the Conservatives adopted a formal mechanism for electing a leader, thus relieving her of involvement. In addition, as the country struggled with a recession, resentment over the royals’ lifestyle mounted, and in 1992 Elizabeth, although personally exempt, agreed to pay taxes on her private income. [195] Aside from her official religious role as Supreme Governor of the established Church of England, she is a member of that church and also of the national Church of Scotland. [203], In the 1950s, as a young woman at the start of her reign, Elizabeth was depicted as a glamorous "fairytale Queen". During the tour, in a broadcast to the British Commonwealth on her 21st birthday, she made the following pledge: "I declare before you all that my whole life, whether it be long or short, shall be devoted to your service and the service of our great imperial family to which we all belong. The surname Windsor proudly retained by Queen Elizabeth II was first assumed by the British royals during World War I. [224] The Sunday Times Rich List 2020 estimated her personal wealth at £350 million, making her the 372nd richest person in the UK. [127] The involvement of younger members of the royal family in the charity game show It's a Royal Knockout in 1987 was ridiculed. Elizabeth II in her coronation robes, photograph by Cecil Beaton, 1953. Although the Queen formally dismissed him, and the international community applied sanctions against Rhodesia, his regime survived for over a decade. [201][202] Scenes of a relaxed, informal home life have occasionally been witnessed; she and her family, from time to time, prepare a meal together and do the washing up afterwards. Early in 1947 Princess Elizabeth went with the king and queen to South Africa. [96], Elizabeth's pregnancies with Princes Andrew and Edward, in 1959 and 1963, mark the only times she has not performed the State Opening of the British parliament during her reign. [51] In post-war Britain, it was not acceptable for Philip's German relations, including his three surviving sisters, to be invited to the wedding. [192] Plans for her death and funeral have been prepared by British government and media organisations since the 1960s.[193]. She very nearly wasn’t queen at all. [111] The Queen's composure and skill in controlling her mount were widely praised. [42], The engagement was not without controversy; Philip had no financial standing, was foreign-born (though a British subject who had served in the Royal Navy throughout the Second World War), and had sisters who had married German noblemen with Nazi links. Queen Elizabeth II became Queen of the United Kingdom and Head of the Commonwealth on 6th February 1952. Speech to the Troops at Tilbury Delegation on Her Marriage, 1559 On Religion, 1559 Response to Erik of Sweden's Proposal, 1560 The Queen's Speech in Parliament April 10, 1563 Delegation on Her Marriage, 1566 [102], A year later, at the height of the 1975 Australian constitutional crisis, the Australian Prime Minister, Gough Whitlam, was dismissed from his post by Governor-General Sir John Kerr, after the Opposition-controlled Senate rejected Whitlam's budget proposals. 108–110; Lacey, pp. Captain Tom Moore to be knighted by the Queen at Windsor on Friday. [120] Thatcher reputedly said the Queen would vote for the Social Democratic Party—Thatcher's political opponents. [170] On 4 April 2013, she received an honorary BAFTA for her patronage of the film industry and was called "the most memorable Bond girl yet" at the award ceremony. When her father died in February 1952, Elizabeth became head of the Commonwealth and queen regnant of seven independent Commonwealth countries: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Pakistan, and Ceylon. She is the longest-reigning monarch in British history. [43] Marion Crawford wrote, "Some of the King's advisors did not think him good enough for her. [126][146] Pressured by the hostile reaction, the Queen agreed to return to London and do a live television broadcast on 5 September, the day before Diana's funeral. In late 16th-century England, Queen Elizabeth was a Protestant royal who faced perpetual threats to her life and reign. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. She inherited a bankrupt nation, torn by religious discord, a weakened pawn between the great powers of France and Spain. Parties and events took place throughout the Commonwealth, many coinciding with her associated national and Commonwealth tours. 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